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Substitutions for Ingredients

INGREDIENT AMOUNT SUBSTITUTES
Allspice 1 tsp. 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon and 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves
Ammonium carbonate 3/4 tsp. 1 teaspoon baking soda
Apple pie spice 1 tsp. 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg, and 1/8 teaspoon cardamom
Baking powder 1 tsp. 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 5/8 teaspoon cream of tartar OR 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 cup buttermilk or sour milk (decrease liquid by 1/2 cup) OR 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice used with sweet milk to make 1/2 cup liquid (decrease liquid by 1/2 cup) OR 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/4 to 1/2 cup molasses
Bread crumbs 1/3 cup, dry or 3/4 cup, soft 1 slice bread
Bread crumbs 1/4 cup, dry 1/4 cup cracker crumbs OR 1/4 cup cornmeal
Bay leaf 1 whole 1/4 teaspoon crushed
Beau Monde seasoning 1 tsp. 1 teaspoon seasoned salt OR 1/2 teaspoon salt OR 1/2 teaspoon Mei Yen seasoning
Broth 1 cup 1 bouillon cube OR 1 tsp. powdered bouilon cube in 1 cup boiling water
Bouillon 1 cube 1 tsp. powdered bouillon
Bell pepper 1 tbsp. dried 3 tbsp. chopped fresh
Butter 1 cup 7/8 cup shortening OR 7/8 cup oil OR 7/8 cup lard OR 1 cup margarine (Note: Oil is not directly substitutable for solid fats in baked products. Use reciped formulated for oil if a product made with oil is desired.)
Carob 3 tbsp. 1 ounce chocolate
Catsup 1 cup 1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup sugar and 2 tbsp. vinegar (for cooking use)
Chili sauce 1 cup 1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/4 cup brown sugar, 2 tbsp. vinegar, 1/4 tsp. cinnamon, dash of cloves and dash of allspice
Chives, fresh 2 tsp. 2 tsp.chopped green onion tops
Chocolate chips, semisweet 1 ounce 1 ounce sweet cooking chocolate
Chocolate, unsweetened 1 ounce 3 tbsp. cocoa plus 1 tbsp. fat
Chocolate, unsweetened 1 ounce 3 tbsp. carob plus 2 tbsp. water
Chocolate, semisweet 1-2/3 ounce 1 ounce unsweetened chocolate plus 4 tsp. sugar
Cocoa 1/4 cup 1 ounce chocolate and omit 1/2 tbsp. fat
Corn syrup 1 cup 1 cup sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid
Cracker crumbs 3/4 cup 1 cup bread crumbs
Cornstarch 1 tbsp. 2 tbsp. flour
Cream, half & half 1 cup 7/8 cup milk plus 3 tbsp. butter
Cream, light 1 cup 7/8 cup milk plus 4 tbsp. butter
Cream, heavy 1 cup 3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter, won't whip
Dill 3 heads 1 tbsp. dill seed or weed
Egg 1 whole 3 tbsp. beaten egg OR 2 egg whites OR 1/4 cup egg substitute
Egg white 1 2 tsp. sifted dry egg white powder plus 2 tbsp. water
Egg yolk 1 2 tbsp. sifted dry egg yolk powder plus 2 tsp. water
Flour, thickening 1 tablespoon 1-1/2 cup cornstarch, arrowroot, potato, or rice starch OR 1 tbsp. granular tapioca OR 1 egg, 2 egg whites, or 2 egg yolks OR 1-1/2 tbsp. whole-wheat flour
Flour, for baking 1 cup, sifted 1 cup plus 2 tbsp. cake flour OR 1 cup minus 2 tbsp. unsifted flour OR 1-1/2 cup bread crumbs OR 1 cup rolled oats OR 1/3 cup cornmeal plus 2/3 cup flour OR 3/4 cup whole wheat flour and 1/4 cup all-purpose flour OR 1 cup rye or rice flour
Flour, cake 1 cup 1 cup minus 2 tbsp. all-purpose flour
Flour, self-rising 1 cup 1 cup minus 2 tsp. flour plus 1-1/2 tsp. baking powder and 1/2 tsp. salt
Flour, whole wheat   Substitute whole wheat flour for 1/4 to 1/2 the all-purpose flour
Garlic 1 clove 1/8 tsp. garlic powder OR 1 tsp. chopped garlic
Gelatin, flavored 3 oz. pkg., prepared 1 tbsp. plain gelatin plus 2 cups fruit juice
Ginger 1/8 tsp. 1 tbsp. candied ginger rinsed in water to remove sugar, finely chopped OR 1/2 tsp. raw ginger
Herbs   1 tsp. dry for 1 tbsp. fresh chopped (Note: In general, 1/2 tsp. dried = 1/4 tsp. ground = 2-3 tsp. freshly minced herbs.)
Honey 1 cup 1-1/4 cups sugar and 1/4 cup liquid
Horseradish 1 tbsp. fresh 2 tbsp. prepared
Lemon juice 1 tsp. 1/2 tsp. vinegar
Lemon 1 whole 3 tbsp. juice plus 2 tsp. rind
Lemon rind 1 tsp. 1/2 tsp. extract
Marshmallows, miniature 1 cup 10 large
Marshmallow creme 1 jar Melt 16 oz. of marshmallows and 3-1/2 tbsp. corn syrup in a double boiler
Milk, buttermilk 1 cup 1 cup milk minus 1 tbsp. plus 1 tbsp. lemon juice or vinegar OR 1 cup milk plus 1-3/4 tsp. cream of tartar
Milk, buttermilk 1 cup 1 cup yogurt or sour cream
Milk, skim 1 cup 5 tbsp. non-fat dry milk powder plus water to 1 cup
Milk, skim 1 cup 1/2 cup evaporated skim milk plus 1/2 cup water
Milk, sweetened condensed 1 can Heat the following until sugar and butter are dissolved: 1/3 cup plus 2 tbsp. evaporated milk, 1 cup sugar, and 3 tbsp. butter or margarine
Milk, whole 1 cup 1 cup reconstituted non-fat dry milk plus 2 tsp. margarine OR 1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water OR 1 cup fruit juice or potato water for baking
Mint 1 tbsp. dried 1/4 cup chopped, fresh
Mushrooms 1 lb. 10 ounces, canned, drained
Mustard 1 tsp. dry 1 tbsp. prepared
Onion 1 small 1 tbsp. instant minced
Onion powder 1 tbsp. 1 med. onion, chopped OR 4 tbsp. fresh chopped onion
Orange 1 medium 1/2 cup juice
Orange peel 1 medium 2 tbsp. rind
Parsley 1 tbsp. fresh 1 tsp. dried
Peppers 1 tbsp. dried 3 tbsp. chopped fresh
Pimento 2 tbsp. chopped 3 tbsp. red bell pepper, chopped
Pumpkin pie spice 1 tsp. 1/2 tsp. cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. ginger, 1/8 tsp. allspice, & 1/8 tsp. nutmeg
Rennet 1 tablet 1 tbsp. liquid rennet
Rice 1 cup, uncooked 1 cup uncooked brown or wild rice (3 cups cooked)
Shortening, for baking 1 cup 1 cup minus 2 tbsp. lard OR 1 cup and 2 tbsp. butter or margarine
Sour cream 1 cup 3/4 cup sour milk and 1/3 cup margarine OR 3/4 cup buttermilk and 1/3 cup margarine
Sour cream   Blend 1/3 cup buttermilk, 1 tbsp. lemon juice and 1 cup cottage cheese OR 1 cup plain yogurt (add 1 tbsp. flour in cooked products) OR 3/4 cup milk, 3/4 tsp. lemon juice, and 1/3 cup margarine
Shrimp 1 cup cooked 3/4 lb. raw in shell OR 7 ounce package frozen OR 5 ounces canned
Sugar, white 1 cup 1 cup corn syrup minus 1/4 cup of liquid in recipe OR 1-1/3 cup molasses minus 1/3 cup of liquid in recipe OR 1-3/4 cups powdered or confectioners' sugar OR 1 cup packed brown sugar OR 1 cup honey minus 1/4 cup liquid in recipe
Tapioca, granular 1 tbsp. 2 tbsp. pearl tapioca
Tapioca, for thickening 1 tbsp. 1 tbsp. flour
Tomatoes, fresh 2 cups, chopped 16 ounce can, drained
Tomato juice 1 cup 1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup water
Tomato puree 1 cup 6 oz. can tomato paste plus water to equal 1 cup
Tomato sauce 2 cups 1 cup tomato paste plus 1 cup water
Tomato soup 10-3/4 oz. 1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/4 cup water
Vanilla bean 1 inch piece 1 tsp. flavoring
Worcestershire sauce 1 tsp. 1 tsp.steak sauce
Yeast 1 package 1 cake yeast OR 1 tbsp. dry yeast
Yogurt 1 cup 1 cup buttermilk OR 1 cup cottage cheese & 1 tsp. lemon juice OR 1 cup sour cream