| INGREDIENT |
AMOUNT |
SUBSTITUTES |
| Allspice |
1 tsp. |
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon and 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves |
| Ammonium carbonate |
3/4 tsp. |
1 teaspoon baking soda |
| Apple pie spice |
1 tsp. |
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg, and 1/8 teaspoon cardamom |
| Baking powder |
1 tsp. |
1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 5/8 teaspoon cream of tartar OR 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 cup buttermilk or sour milk (decrease liquid by 1/2 cup) OR 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice used with sweet milk to make 1/2 cup liquid (decrease liquid by 1/2 cup) OR 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/4 to 1/2 cup molasses |
| Bread crumbs |
1/3 cup, dry or 3/4 cup, soft |
1 slice bread |
| Bread crumbs |
1/4 cup, dry |
1/4 cup cracker crumbs OR 1/4 cup cornmeal |
| Bay leaf |
1 whole |
1/4 teaspoon crushed |
| Beau Monde seasoning |
1 tsp. |
1 teaspoon seasoned salt OR 1/2 teaspoon salt OR 1/2 teaspoon Mei Yen seasoning |
| Broth |
1 cup |
1 bouillon cube OR 1 tsp. powdered bouilon cube in 1 cup boiling water |
| Bouillon |
1 cube |
1 tsp. powdered bouillon |
| Bell pepper |
1 tbsp. dried |
3 tbsp. chopped fresh |
| Butter |
1 cup |
7/8 cup shortening OR 7/8 cup oil OR 7/8 cup lard OR 1 cup margarine (Note: Oil is not directly substitutable for solid fats in baked products. Use reciped formulated for oil if a product made with oil is desired.) |
| Carob |
3 tbsp. |
1 ounce chocolate |
| Catsup |
1 cup |
1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup sugar and 2 tbsp. vinegar (for cooking use) |
| Chili sauce |
1 cup |
1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/4 cup brown sugar, 2 tbsp. vinegar, 1/4 tsp. cinnamon, dash of cloves and dash of allspice |
| Chives, fresh |
2 tsp. |
2 tsp.chopped green onion tops |
| Chocolate chips, semisweet |
1 ounce |
1 ounce sweet cooking chocolate |
| Chocolate, unsweetened |
1 ounce |
3 tbsp. cocoa plus 1 tbsp. fat |
| Chocolate, unsweetened |
1 ounce |
3 tbsp. carob plus 2 tbsp. water |
| Chocolate, semisweet |
1-2/3 ounce |
1 ounce unsweetened chocolate plus 4 tsp. sugar |
| Cocoa |
1/4 cup |
1 ounce chocolate and omit 1/2 tbsp. fat |
| Corn syrup |
1 cup |
1 cup sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid |
| Cracker crumbs |
3/4 cup |
1 cup bread crumbs |
| Cornstarch |
1 tbsp. |
2 tbsp. flour |
| Cream, half & half |
1 cup |
7/8 cup milk plus 3 tbsp. butter |
| Cream, light |
1 cup |
7/8 cup milk plus 4 tbsp. butter |
| Cream, heavy |
1 cup |
3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter, won't whip |
| Dill |
3 heads |
1 tbsp. dill seed or weed |
| Egg |
1 whole |
3 tbsp. beaten egg OR 2 egg whites OR 1/4 cup egg substitute |
| Egg white |
1 |
2 tsp. sifted dry egg white powder plus 2 tbsp. water |
| Egg yolk |
1 |
2 tbsp. sifted dry egg yolk powder plus 2 tsp. water |
| Flour, thickening |
1 tablespoon |
1-1/2 cup cornstarch, arrowroot, potato, or rice starch OR 1 tbsp. granular tapioca OR 1 egg, 2 egg whites, or 2 egg yolks OR 1-1/2 tbsp. whole-wheat flour |
| Flour, for baking |
1 cup, sifted |
1 cup plus 2 tbsp. cake flour OR 1 cup minus 2 tbsp. unsifted flour OR 1-1/2 cup bread crumbs OR 1 cup rolled oats OR 1/3 cup cornmeal plus 2/3 cup flour OR 3/4 cup whole wheat flour and 1/4 cup all-purpose flour OR 1 cup rye or rice flour |
| Flour, cake |
1 cup |
1 cup minus 2 tbsp. all-purpose flour |
| Flour, self-rising |
1 cup |
1 cup minus 2 tsp. flour plus 1-1/2 tsp. baking powder and 1/2 tsp. salt |
| Flour, whole wheat |
|
Substitute whole wheat flour for 1/4 to 1/2 the all-purpose flour |
| Garlic |
1 clove |
1/8 tsp. garlic powder OR 1 tsp. chopped garlic |
| Gelatin, flavored |
3 oz. pkg., prepared |
1 tbsp. plain gelatin plus 2 cups fruit juice |
| Ginger |
1/8 tsp. |
1 tbsp. candied ginger rinsed in water to remove sugar, finely chopped OR 1/2 tsp. raw ginger |
| Herbs |
|
1 tsp. dry for 1 tbsp. fresh chopped (Note: In general, 1/2 tsp. dried = 1/4 tsp. ground = 2-3 tsp. freshly minced herbs.) |
| Honey |
1 cup |
1-1/4 cups sugar and 1/4 cup liquid |
| Horseradish |
1 tbsp. fresh |
2 tbsp. prepared |
| Lemon juice |
1 tsp. |
1/2 tsp. vinegar |
| Lemon |
1 whole |
3 tbsp. juice plus 2 tsp. rind |
| Lemon rind |
1 tsp. |
1/2 tsp. extract |
| Marshmallows, miniature |
1 cup |
10 large |
| Marshmallow creme |
1 jar |
Melt 16 oz. of marshmallows and 3-1/2 tbsp. corn syrup in a double boiler |
| Milk, buttermilk |
1 cup |
1 cup milk minus 1 tbsp. plus 1 tbsp. lemon juice or vinegar OR 1 cup milk plus 1-3/4 tsp. cream of tartar |
| Milk, buttermilk |
1 cup |
1 cup yogurt or sour cream |
| Milk, skim |
1 cup |
5 tbsp. non-fat dry milk powder plus water to 1 cup |
| Milk, skim |
1 cup |
1/2 cup evaporated skim milk plus 1/2 cup water |
| Milk, sweetened condensed |
1 can |
Heat the following until sugar and butter are dissolved: 1/3 cup plus 2 tbsp. evaporated milk, 1 cup sugar, and 3 tbsp. butter or margarine |
| Milk, whole |
1 cup |
1 cup reconstituted non-fat dry milk plus 2 tsp. margarine OR 1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water OR 1 cup fruit juice or potato water for baking |
| Mint |
1 tbsp. dried |
1/4 cup chopped, fresh |
| Mushrooms |
1 lb. |
10 ounces, canned, drained |
| Mustard |
1 tsp. dry |
1 tbsp. prepared |
| Onion |
1 small |
1 tbsp. instant minced |
| Onion powder |
1 tbsp. |
1 med. onion, chopped OR 4 tbsp. fresh chopped onion |
| Orange |
1 medium |
1/2 cup juice |
| Orange peel |
1 medium |
2 tbsp. rind |
| Parsley |
1 tbsp. fresh |
1 tsp. dried |
| Peppers |
1 tbsp. dried |
3 tbsp. chopped fresh |
| Pimento |
2 tbsp. chopped |
3 tbsp. red bell pepper, chopped |
| Pumpkin pie spice |
1 tsp. |
1/2 tsp. cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. ginger, 1/8 tsp. allspice, & 1/8 tsp. nutmeg |
| Rennet |
1 tablet |
1 tbsp. liquid rennet |
| Rice |
1 cup, uncooked |
1 cup uncooked brown or wild rice (3 cups cooked) |
| Shortening, for baking |
1 cup |
1 cup minus 2 tbsp. lard OR 1 cup and 2 tbsp. butter or margarine |
| Sour cream |
1 cup |
3/4 cup sour milk and 1/3 cup margarine OR 3/4 cup buttermilk and 1/3 cup margarine |
| Sour cream |
|
Blend 1/3 cup buttermilk, 1 tbsp. lemon juice and 1 cup cottage cheese OR 1 cup plain yogurt (add 1 tbsp. flour in cooked products) OR 3/4 cup milk, 3/4 tsp. lemon juice, and 1/3 cup margarine |
| Shrimp |
1 cup cooked |
3/4 lb. raw in shell OR 7 ounce package frozen OR 5 ounces canned |
| Sugar, white |
1 cup |
1 cup corn syrup minus 1/4 cup of liquid in recipe OR 1-1/3 cup molasses minus 1/3 cup of liquid in recipe OR 1-3/4 cups powdered or confectioners' sugar OR 1 cup packed brown sugar OR 1 cup honey minus 1/4 cup liquid in recipe |
| Tapioca, granular |
1 tbsp. |
2 tbsp. pearl tapioca |
| Tapioca, for thickening |
1 tbsp. |
1 tbsp. flour |
| Tomatoes, fresh |
2 cups, chopped |
16 ounce can, drained |
| Tomato juice |
1 cup |
1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup water |
| Tomato puree |
1 cup |
6 oz. can tomato paste plus water to equal 1 cup |
| Tomato sauce |
2 cups |
1 cup tomato paste plus 1 cup water |
| Tomato soup |
10-3/4 oz. |
1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/4 cup water |
| Vanilla bean |
1 inch piece |
1 tsp. flavoring |
| Worcestershire sauce |
1 tsp. |
1 tsp.steak sauce |
| Yeast |
1 package |
1 cake yeast OR 1 tbsp. dry yeast |
| Yogurt |
1 cup |
1 cup buttermilk OR 1 cup cottage cheese & 1 tsp. lemon juice OR 1 cup sour cream |
