|
INGREDIENT
|
AMOUNT
|
SUBSTITUTES
|
|
Allspice
|
1 tsp.
|
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon and 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves
|
|
Ammonium carbonate
|
3/4 tsp.
|
1 teaspoon baking soda
|
|
Apple pie spice
|
1 tsp.
|
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg, and 1/8 teaspoon cardamom
|
|
Baking powder
|
1 tsp.
|
1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 5/8 teaspoon cream of tartar OR
1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 cup buttermilk or sour milk
(decrease liquid by 1/2 cup) OR 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus
1/2 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice used with sweet milk to make
1/2 cup liquid (decrease liquid by 1/2 cup) OR 1/4 teaspoon
baking soda plus 1/4 to 1/2 cup molasses
|
|
Bread crumbs
|
1/3 cup, dry or 3/4 cup, soft
|
1 slice bread
|
|
Bread crumbs
|
1/4 cup, dry
|
1/4 cup cracker crumbs OR 1/4 cup cornmeal
|
|
Bay leaf
|
1 whole
|
1/4 teaspoon crushed
|
|
Beau Monde seasoning
|
1 tsp.
|
1 teaspoon seasoned salt OR 1/2 teaspoon salt OR 1/2 teaspoon Mei
Yen seasoning
|
|
Broth
|
1 cup
|
1 bouillon cube OR 1 tsp. powdered bouilon cube in 1 cup boiling
water
|
|
Bouillon
|
1 cube
|
1 tsp. powdered bouillon
|
|
Bell pepper
|
1 tbsp. dried
|
3 tbsp. chopped fresh
|
|
Butter
|
1 cup
|
7/8 cup shortening OR 7/8 cup oil OR 7/8 cup lard OR
1 cup margarine (Note: Oil is not directly substitutable for solid
fats in baked products. Use reciped formulated for oil if a product
made with oil is desired.)
|
|
Carob
|
3 tbsp.
|
1 ounce chocolate
|
|
Catsup
|
1 cup
|
1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup sugar and 2 tbsp. vinegar (for
cooking use)
|
|
Chili sauce
|
1 cup
|
1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/4 cup brown sugar, 2 tbsp. vinegar, 1/4
tsp. cinnamon, dash of cloves and dash of allspice
|
|
Chives, fresh
|
2 tsp.
|
2 tsp.chopped green onion tops
|
|
Chocolate chips, semisweet
|
1 ounce
|
1 ounce sweet cooking chocolate
|
|
Chocolate, unsweetened
|
1 ounce
|
3 tbsp. cocoa plus 1 tbsp. fat
|
|
Chocolate, unsweetened
|
1 ounce
|
3 tbsp. carob plus 2 tbsp. water
|
|
Chocolate, semisweet
|
1-2/3 ounce
|
1 ounce unsweetened chocolate plus 4 tsp. sugar
|
|
Cocoa
|
1/4 cup
|
1 ounce chocolate and omit 1/2 tbsp. fat
|
|
Corn syrup
|
1 cup
|
1 cup sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid
|
|
Cracker crumbs
|
3/4 cup
|
1 cup bread crumbs
|
|
Cornstarch
|
1 tbsp.
|
2 tbsp. flour
|
|
Cream, half & half
|
1 cup
|
7/8 cup milk plus 3 tbsp. butter
|
|
Cream, light
|
1 cup
|
7/8 cup milk plus 4 tbsp. butter
|
|
Cream, heavy
|
1 cup
|
3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter, won't whip
|
|
Dill
|
3 heads
|
1 tbsp. dill seed or weed
|
|
Egg
|
1 whole
|
3 tbsp. beaten egg OR 2 egg whites OR 1/4 cup egg
substitute
|
|
Egg white
|
1
|
2 tsp. sifted dry egg white powder plus 2 tbsp. water
|
|
Egg yolk
|
1
|
2 tbsp. sifted dry egg yolk powder plus 2 tsp. water
|
|
Flour, thickening
|
1 tablespoon
|
1-1/2 cup cornstarch, arrowroot, potato, or rice starch OR 1 tbsp.
granular tapioca OR 1 egg, 2 egg whites, or 2 egg yolks OR 1-1/2
tbsp. whole-wheat flour
|
|
Flour, for baking
|
1 cup, sifted
|
1 cup plus 2 tbsp. cake flour OR 1 cup minus 2 tbsp. unsifted
flour OR 1-1/2 cup bread crumbs OR 1 cup rolled oats OR
1/3 cup cornmeal plus 2/3 cup flour OR 3/4 cup whole wheat
flour and 1/4 cup all-purpose flour OR 1 cup rye or rice flour
|
|
Flour, cake
|
1 cup
|
1 cup minus 2 tbsp. all-purpose flour
|
|
Flour, self-rising
|
1 cup
|
1 cup minus 2 tsp. flour plus 1-1/2 tsp. baking powder and 1/2 tsp.
salt
|
|
Flour, whole wheat
|
|
Substitute whole wheat flour for 1/4 to 1/2 the all-purpose flour
|
|
Garlic
|
1 clove
|
1/8 tsp. garlic powder OR 1 tsp. chopped garlic
|
|
Gelatin, flavored
|
3 oz. pkg., prepared
|
1 tbsp. plain gelatin plus 2 cups fruit juice
|
|
Ginger
|
1/8 tsp.
|
1 tbsp. candied ginger rinsed in water to remove sugar, finely
chopped OR 1/2 tsp. raw ginger
|
|
Herbs
|
|
1 tsp. dry for 1 tbsp. fresh chopped (Note: In general, 1/2
tsp. dried = 1/4 tsp. ground = 2-3 tsp. freshly minced herbs.)
|
|
Honey
|
1 cup
|
1-1/4 cups sugar and 1/4 cup liquid
|
|
Horseradish
|
1 tbsp. fresh
|
2 tbsp. prepared
|
|
Lemon juice
|
1 tsp.
|
1/2 tsp. vinegar
|
|
Lemon
|
1 whole
|
3 tbsp. juice plus 2 tsp. rind
|
|
Lemon rind
|
1 tsp.
|
1/2 tsp. extract
|
|
Marshmallows, miniature
|
1 cup
|
10 large
|
|
Marshmallow creme
|
1 jar
|
Melt 16 oz. of marshmallows and 3-1/2 tbsp. corn syrup in a double
boiler
|
|
Milk, buttermilk
|
1 cup
|
1 cup milk minus 1 tbsp. plus 1 tbsp. lemon juice or vinegar OR 1
cup milk plus 1-3/4 tsp. cream of tartar
|
|
Milk, buttermilk
|
1 cup
|
1 cup yogurt or sour cream
|
|
Milk, skim
|
1 cup
|
5 tbsp. non-fat dry milk powder plus water to 1 cup
|
|
Milk, skim
|
1 cup
|
1/2 cup evaporated skim milk plus 1/2 cup water
|
|
Milk, sweetened condensed
|
1 can
|
Heat the following until sugar and butter are dissolved: 1/3 cup
plus 2 tbsp. evaporated milk, 1 cup sugar, and 3 tbsp. butter or
margarine
|
|
Milk, whole
|
1 cup
|
1 cup reconstituted non-fat dry milk plus 2 tsp. margarine OR
1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water OR 1 cup fruit
juice or potato water for baking
|
|
Mint
|
1 tbsp. dried
|
1/4 cup chopped, fresh
|
|
Mushrooms
|
1 lb.
|
10 ounces, canned, drained
|
|
Mustard
|
1 tsp. dry
|
1 tbsp. prepared
|
|
Onion
|
1 small
|
1 tbsp. instant minced
|
|
Onion powder
|
1 tbsp.
|
1 med. onion, chopped OR 4 tbsp. fresh chopped onion
|
|
Orange
|
1 medium
|
1/2 cup juice
|
|
Orange peel
|
1 medium
|
2 tbsp. rind
|
|
Parsley
|
1 tbsp. fresh
|
1 tsp. dried
|
|
Peppers
|
1 tbsp. dried
|
3 tbsp. chopped fresh
|
|
Pimento
|
2 tbsp. chopped
|
3 tbsp. red bell pepper, chopped
|
|
Pumpkin pie spice
|
1 tsp.
|
1/2 tsp. cinnamon, 1/4 tsp. ginger, 1/8 tsp. allspice, & 1/8 tsp.
nutmeg
|
|
Rennet
|
1 tablet
|
1 tbsp. liquid rennet
|
|
Rice
|
1 cup, uncooked
|
1 cup uncooked brown or wild rice (3 cups cooked)
|
|
Shortening, for baking
|
1 cup
|
1 cup minus 2 tbsp. lard OR 1 cup and 2 tbsp. butter or
margarine
|
|
Sour cream
|
1 cup
|
3/4 cup sour milk and 1/3 cup margarine OR 3/4 cup buttermilk
and 1/3 cup margarine
|
|
Sour cream
|
|
Blend 1/3 cup buttermilk, 1 tbsp. lemon juice and 1 cup cottage
cheese OR 1 cup plain yogurt (add 1 tbsp. flour in cooked
products) OR 3/4 cup milk, 3/4 tsp. lemon juice, and 1/3 cup
margarine
|
|
Shrimp
|
1 cup cooked
|
3/4 lb. raw in shell OR 7 ounce package frozen OR 5
ounces canned
|
|
Sugar, white
|
1 cup
|
1 cup corn syrup minus 1/4 cup of liquid in recipe OR 1-1/3
cup molasses minus 1/3 cup of liquid in recipe OR 1-3/4 cups
powdered or confectioners' sugar OR 1 cup packed brown sugar OR
1 cup honey minus 1/4 cup liquid in recipe
|
|
Tapioca, granular
|
1 tbsp.
|
2 tbsp. pearl tapioca
|
|
Tapioca, for thickening
|
1 tbsp.
|
1 tbsp. flour
|
|
Tomatoes, fresh
|
2 cups, chopped
|
16 ounce can, drained
|
|
Tomato juice
|
1 cup
|
1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup water
|
|
Tomato puree
|
1 cup
|
6 oz. can tomato paste plus water to equal 1 cup
|
|
Tomato sauce
|
2 cups
|
1 cup tomato paste plus 1 cup water
|
|
Tomato soup
|
10-3/4 oz.
|
1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/4 cup water
|
|
Vanilla bean
|
1 inch piece
|
1 tsp. flavoring
|
|
Worcestershire sauce
|
1 tsp.
|
1 tsp.steak sauce
|
|
Yeast
|
1 package
|
1 cake yeast OR 1 tbsp. dry yeast
|
|
Yogurt
|
1 cup
|
1 cup buttermilk OR 1 cup cottage cheese & 1 tsp. lemon juice OR
1 cup sour cream
|
